(De)centralizace energetické soustavy jako optimalizační úloha

This theoretical bachelor's thesis focuses on modeling the optimal energy mix as a replacement for coal-fired power plants, which are scheduled to cease operation by 2038, and on addressing the anticipated increase in electricity and heat consumption by 2040. Using lexicographic optimization, the study prioritizes maximizing the economic return of energy facilities and minimizing discrepancies between electricity production and gross consumption across regions. The results suggest that electricity production is optimally secured by predominantly decentralized sources, while heat production relies on regionally centralized facilities using natural gas, supplemented by smaller local sources. This approach supports efficient resource utilization and adapts to regional needs. The study also highlights the model's limitations, emphasizing its focus on economic return, which may not fully align with practical feasibility. The availability of natural gas is identified as a potential challenge, and the critical role of nuclear energy as a stable and space-efficient solution is underscored. The recommendation is to maintain a balance between decentralized and regionally centralized sources, ensuring the stability and long-term sustainability of the Czech Republic's energy system beyond 2038.