Ekonomická analýza využití vodíku v dopravě

The topic of this thesis is the use of fuel cell technology powered by green hydrogen as a propulsion system in maritime, aviation, road, and rail transport. Theoretically this technology represents a completely emission-free way of powering vehicles, making the study of hydrogen use in transport important not only due to its potential economic benefits but also its environmental advantages. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of hydrogen technologies in transport from an economic perspective. In connection with this objective three research questions were formulated. The first question focuses on fuel prices as a key component of operational costs in transport. The second examines the total costs of investment projects involving hydrogen-powered transport, and the third addresses the environmental aspect. The answer to the first question is that based on a synthesis of several scientific papers and studies, the prices of green hydrogen and fossil fuels are expected to reach the same levels around the year 2030. In relation to the second research question net present value calculations were conducted for specific investment projects focused on hydrogen-powered vehicles in maritime, aviation, road, and rail transport. The results indicate that such investments are currently not economically viable, however if the beginnings of the investments were postponed to 2030, the resulting net present values for all four projects would be positive, suggesting they could become suitable investment opportunities. Furthermore, it was found that all hydrogen-powered vehicles currently in operation save approximately 800 thousand tCO₂ per year.