Právní překážky podnikání formou start-up v České republice

This bachelor's thesis focuses on the legal barriers that influence the establishing and developing of startups in the Czech Republic. The main objective of the thesis is to identify the legal barriers and limitations that startups face. A secondary aim is to critically assess the issue and the legal regulation of employee stock ownership. The thesis also explores financing options available to startup companies, compares them, and evaluates the suitability of different financing methods at various stages of a startup's life cycle. Furthermore, the thesis analyzes the complexity of establishing a startup in the Czech Republic and Sweden. It also includes a description of the startup ecosystems in both countries, identifying the most successful startups and analyzing their market presence – namely Rohlik.cz, Productboard, Mews, Klarna, Spotify, and Voi Technology. The analysis revealed that Czech startups primarily struggle with a high administrative burden while establishing a company, complex labor law regulations, limited access to funding, and an underdeveloped system and legal framework for employee stock ownership. While recent legislation has brought partial improvements, the taxation system for employee shares remains complicated. As a result, most startups still do not utilize employee stock ownership to boost employees' motivation and loyalty, and they often opt for alternative ESOP schemes instead. The findings further show that Sweden offers more favorable conditions for starting a business than the Czech Republic, mainly due to a higher degree of digitalization and a more straightforward company formation process. However, the differences between the two countries are not notably different regarding the time and financial complexity of founding a startup. Despite the legal and economic challenges mentioned, the Czech Republic has several highly successful startup companies. The results indicate that although the Czech startup environment offers potential for entrepreneurship, Czech startups continue to face numerous legislative barriers that hinder their growth.